Chronicle Archive / 志錄
Hong Kong Chronicle Archive · undated entries
以下條目原文冇西曆年份（例如只記年號或朝代），故不列入時間軸，但同樣有官方來源同頁碼。 未繫年條目共 7718 條，每頁 200 條，呢度係第 11 / 39 頁。
These entries carry no Gregorian year in the source (e.g. only an era name), so they sit outside the timeline — but each still has an official source and page number. There are 7718 of them, 200 per page; this is page 11 of 39.
逐年條目見 志錄索引；志錄總數 36501 條。 Dated entries live in the archive index; the archive holds 36501 entries in total.
Undated entries, page 11
引用每條都可以引用：按條目下面嘅「引用呢條」，可以揀中文腳註／中文參考書目／APA／Chicago 四種格式並複製。 書名、出版者、年份同頁碼一律由已登記來源同生成檔派生，頁面一條都唔會手寫；年份取來源登記嘅出版年， 來源未登記出版年嘅，引文改用查閱日期並寫明。
Every entry is citable. Press “Cite this entry” for a Chinese footnote, Chinese bibliography, APA or Chicago note — all derived from the registered source and the generated archive, never hand-written. If a registered source has no publication year, the citation prints the access date and says so.
《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口） Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Territory, Geography and Population
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Territory, Geography and Population (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》自然環境（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事） Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事），2020，頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/undated/11#〈條目編號〉
Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉／〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.
According to the Hong Kong Blue Book, in the 19th century Hong Kong Island covered 75.47 square kilometres, while the part of the Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street covered 7.77 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.264
From the 19th century until the early 20th century, the Hong Kong Blue Book consistently classified areas outside Victoria City as rural.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.262
For the 1918 Nan'ao earthquake, the authorities set a maximum assessed magnitude of 8 for that location.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.556
By discharge, the Pearl River ranks second among China's rivers, after the Yangtze River.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.499
Stonecutters Island, Hoi Hap Shek, Lantern Island and Hoi Sham Island were joined to the land through reclamation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.59
The Ngong Ping plateau is located on Lantau Island, flanked by Lantau Peak and Nei Lak Shan, at an elevation of about 450 metres, with tourism use occupying the vast majority of the land there.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.50
Arup set the maximum assessed magnitude for the South Australia seismic source zone at 8, and for the Dangan Islands region at 7.5.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.556
Arup's assessed magnitude for the area of the Qiongzhou earthquake (1605) is 7, while other areas are assessed at 6.5.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.556
Arup also built 20 potential seismic source zone models, comprising 4 offshore and 16 onshore zones.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.556
The eight peaks of Pat Sin Leng, from east to west, are Sin Ku Fung, Sheung Tsz Fung, Choi Wo Fung, Cho Kui Fung, Kwai Li Fung, Kwo Lo Fung, Chung Lei Fung and Shun Yeung Fung.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Pat Sin Leng Country Park covers the northeastern, eastern and western sides of Sha Lo Tung.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.539
Pat Sin Leng Country Park covers four well-known peaks, namely Kwai Tau Leng, Kowloon Hang Shan, Ping Fung Shan and Wong Leng.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
The northern boundary of the Pat Sin Leng Basin is the Tiu Tang Lung Fault, while its western side is bounded by the northeast-to-southwest trending Sha Tau Kok Fault.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.195
The Pat Sin Leng area lies north of Plover Cove Reservoir in Tai Po, where Cretaceous strata dip northwards and form several monoclinal structures.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.199
Pat Sin Leng has eight peaks, including Sin Gu Peak, Sheung Tsz Peak and Choi Wo Peak, with the main peak, Shun Yeung Peak, being the highest.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.75
Pat Sin Leng is located in the northeastern New Territories, and its ridge extends from the eastern end to the western end for more than one kilometre.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.75
Cretaceous fossil types include ferns and gymnosperms.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.124
Pak Kok Wan is located in Kat O Hoi, has a mudflat environment, faces northeast, and has a difficulty rating of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Pak Sha Tau Wan is located on Kat O Island, with a mudflat environment, facing west, and an access difficulty of 4.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Pak Sha Chau is located in Sai Kung Hoi, belongs to Sai Kung District, and has an area of 0.041 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.647
The Pak Ngan Heung River passes the Silver Mine Waterfall and the Silver Mine Cave, while the Tai Tei Tong Stream originates from the Lung Mei Hang and Tai Tei Tong area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.449
Mount Parker is located in the Eastern District, 532 metres above sea level, within Tai Tam Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
Pai Tau Tun is located in Sai Kung at 205 metres above sea level and falls within Sai Kung East Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.656
The collision of tectonic plates caused flower structures to appear around Tolo Channel, and the rocks were compressed and folded.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.197
Pok To Yan is located in the Islands District, 529 metres above sea level, and belongs to North Lantau Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
Braemar Hill is located in the Eastern District, at an elevation of 200 metres, and is part of the Quarry Bay Extension of Tai Tam Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.656
North Lantau Country Park is bounded to the south by South Lantau Country Park, to the north it extends to the south of Sha Lo Wan, to the east it reaches Mui Wo, and to the west it is bounded by Nga Ying Kok.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.102
North Lantau Country Park covers the area around Ngong Ping, and Sunset Peak, Yi Tung Shan, Lin Fa Shan and Nei Lak Shan all fall within its boundaries.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.102
The volcanic rock columns of North Ninepin Island were tilted from vertical to horizontal by overturning, resembling a cannon, hence the name Cannon Rock.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.67
North Ninepin Island is located at Clear Water Bay, belongs to Sai Kung District, and has an area of 0.25 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.646
North Ninepin Island has a large landslide surface formed by rock columns collapsing along joint planes, known as the Moon Cliff.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.67
Pak Hoi Tuk is located in Yan Chau Tong, is a mudflat and rocky shore facing east, with a difficulty rating of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
The North District covers Sheung Shui, Fanling, Sha Tau Kok and Ta Kwu Ling, formerly often collectively referred to as 'Sheung Fan Sha Ta'.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.128
The highest peak in the North District is the peak west of the main peak of Wong Leng, at 605 metres above sea level.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.128
North Cheung Chau Channel lies between the northwestern shore of Cheung Chau and the Chi Ma Wan Peninsula in southeastern Lantau Island, with a narrowest width of 1,300 metres, navigable only by small pleasure craft.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.657
Inner bays sheltered by headlands have weaker wave energy, such as Tolo Harbour, Yim Tin Tsai, Kau Sai Chau, Tai Tam Harbour and San Shek Wan at Yan O.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.280
The most extensive development of intertidal sediments locally is found at Shui Hau Wan, Sham Wat, Yi O, Tai O, Starling Inlet and along the shores of Deep Bay.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.119
There are two places in Hong Kong named after the horseshoe crab, namely Hau Tei Square in Tsuen Wan and Hau Kok Wan on Lantau Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.399
Beacon Hill is located in Sha Tin, 457 metres above sea level, in Lion Rock Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.652
The intrusion of Butler Mountain granite postdates the formation of High Island volcanic rocks, so it was not their magma chamber.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.166
Butler Mountain granite is monzogranite, its rock body is nearly circular in shape, and its distribution covers Hong Kong Island and eastern Kowloon.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.153
The Butler Mountain granite intruded into the Kowloon granite as well as the volcanic rock formations of the Mount Davis Formation and the Ap Lei Chau Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.153
Butler Mountain is located in Eastern District, at an elevation of 436 metres, within Tai Tam Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.652
During the Ice Age, Kiu Tsui Chau and Kiu Tau were two adjacent peaks, which were later submerged when sea levels rose.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.68
After the end of the ice age, sea level rose and submerged river valleys, gradually creating today's Victoria Harbour topography.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.55
Pottinger Peak is located in Eastern District, has an elevation of 314 metres, and lies within Shek O Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.654
Pot Shu Wan is located at Plover Cove Reservoir, with a rocky shore environment facing northwest, and an access difficulty of 4.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Choi Wo Fung is located in Tai Po, has an elevation of 511 metres, and belongs to Pat Sin Leng Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
Tso Kau Fung is located in Tai Po, at an elevation of 508 metres, within Pat Sin Leng Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
Grassy Hill is located in Tsuen Wan, 647 metres above sea level, and lies within Tai Mo Shan Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.650
The pegmatite at Cha Kwo Ling mine occurs as intrusive dykes with thicknesses from a few centimetres to half a metre; a dyke on the north side of the western ridge extends over 20 metres north-south and is at most 0.5 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.142
Quartz syenite was found in the western and central ridges of the Cha Kwo Ling quarry, with a color and texture close to alkaline granite, but with less quartz and more alkaline feldspar.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.142
Cha Kwo Chau is located south of Lantau Island, belongs to the Islands District, and has an area of 0.012 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.649
Victoria Peak is located in Central and Western District, with an elevation of 552 metres, and belongs to Pok Fu Lam Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
The Sedimentary Rock Region covers the Tolo Harbour and Mirs Bay areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.239
Chan Lung-sang's field survey findings over the years became the basis for the production of the 'Hong Kong Geological Survey' map, which presents about 200 geological and geomorphological hotspots.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.720
Chan Lung-sang, together with the Guangdong Seismological Bureau, measured Bouguer gravity anomalies from Hong Kong to Guangzhou and used survey-line data to build a model of crustal rock density variations.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.206
The first section of the main course of the Shing Mun River is called Tai Shing Shek Stream; the stream first flows into Shing Mun Reservoir, passes through Shing Mun Gorge to Lower Shing Mun Reservoir, then continues down into Tai Wai, along the way successively receiving Kwun Yam Shan Stream, Siu Lek Yuen Nullah and Fo Tan Nullah, and finally empties into Sha Tin Hoi near the Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.447
The Shing Mun River catchment covers about 58 square kilometres, its main channel extends about 16.5 kilometres, and its average gradient is 0.056.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.447
Including its artificial extension, the Shing Mun River has a catchment area of about 58 square kilometres, the largest in the district.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.47
The Shing Mun River is about 16.5 kilometres long (including 5 kilometres of artificial channel extension), the longest river entirely within Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.47
The former outlet of the Shing Mun River was in the area of the Hong Kong Heritage Museum; the section extending from the museum to the present-day outlet was formed by later reclamation of shallow sea and is not natural.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.447
The Shing Mun River is 16.5 km long, with a catchment area of 58 km², originating at Tai Mo Shan at an elevation of 930 m.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.47
The main channel of the Shing Mun River begins about 930 metres south of the summit of Tai Mo Shan, and its source is the highest among all rivers in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.447
The higher ground of Shing Mun Country Park is composed of volcanic rock, while its southern part is mainly granite.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.98
Shing Mun Country Park is centred on Shing Mun Reservoir, bounded to the east by Grass Hill and Needle Hill, to the south by Shing Mun Road, to the west by Tai Mo Shan, and to the north by Lead Mine Pass.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.98
The Chek Keng Fault is located at the southern margin of the Tai Tan Caldera and is believed to have controlled Jurassic volcanic activity in the area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.195
The northern side of Chek Lap Kok has a finger-like peninsula extending northeast, forming a deep bay with Cheung Sha Lan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.143
Eastern Chek Lap Kok is mostly ridges, some over 100 metres high, dropping steeply eastward to the shore.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.143
Chek Lap Kok has an area of 12.7000 square kilometres and is located at 22.3089 degrees north latitude and 113.9203 degrees east longitude.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.645
There is a small peninsula at the southern end of Chek Lap Kok, with terrain exceeding 80 metres above sea level.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.143
The rocks of Chek Lap Kok are mainly Mesozoic granite, including Late Jurassic fine-grained and Early Cretaceous fine- to medium-grained granite.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.143
The sediments of the Chek Lap Kok Formation generally lack calcareous fossils, and some strata are estimated to be over 40,000 years old, beyond the range of radiocarbon dating, so only thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence and uranium-series dating can be used.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.120
The Chek Lap Kok Formation was formed about 135,000 years ago on already weathered bedrock.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.274
The Tolo Channel extends in a straight line southwest from the western end of Mirs Bay to west Kowloon, and is the main channel in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.43
Lai Chi Chong on the eastern shore of Tolo Channel is a small village where a colourful set of sedimentary rocks is exposed, and the site is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.71
The Tolo Channel Fault extends southwest for about 60 kilometres, passing through the Sha Tin River, crossing the Kowloon Peninsula, and finally reaching West Kowloon.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.193
The water depth near Pak Sha Tau Chau in Tolo Channel is about 25 metres, and the seabed exposes a relatively deep layer of river sand.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.55
The coast of Tolo Channel and the surrounding islands are all included in the Northeast New Territories Sedimentary Rock Region, which is located in the northeastern New Territories.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.118
The Tolo Channel area lies in a northeast-to-southwest trending active fault zone, where Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks have been strongly folded.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.192
Tolo Channel, also known as Chek Mun or Tolo Strait, is located between Wong Chuk Kok Peninsula and Sai Kung Peninsula, with a narrowest point of 1250 metres, allowing large cargo ships to pass.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.657
At the junction of Tolo Channel and Mirs Bay, the water depth is less than 10 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.55
The Chek Mun rhyolite dykes mostly trend northeast to southwest, with widths generally ranging from 2 to 5 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.155
The clearest outcrops of the Tolo Formation include Fung Wong Wat (on the northwestern shore of Tolo Channel), Nai Chung and Sham Chung (both southeast of Tai Po Sea).
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The Chek Mun Formation is exposed at three locations on the northwestern shore of Tolo Channel, including Fung Wong Wat, Lo Fu Wat, and the area south of Pak Kok Shan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
Chek Sha Wan is located in Yan Chau Tong, is a sandy beach facing north, with an access difficulty of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Several fractures are visible on the red rock walls in the northern part of Chi Chau, and these fractures originated from extension during the formation of Mirs Bay.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.75
The eastern coast of Port Island is covered with brownish-red conglomerate and siltstone strata, and is known as a marine Danxia.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.75
Port Island and Tung Ping Chau are well-known islands in Hong Kong formed of sedimentary rock.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.43
Chek Chau is located in Tolo Channel, belongs to Tai Po District, and has an area of 0.47 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.646
Port Island is located at the southwestern end of Mirs Bay and falls within the area covered by the Global Geopark.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.75
In the section of the chain where underground hot water occurs, five to six small faults are developed, and the rock strata consist of volcanic tuff.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.485
Apart from the above, the other three volcanic rock groups were formed between the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.101
Plover Cove Reservoir is the world's first reservoir built by enclosing a sea inlet.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.100
Among Hong Kong's reservoirs, Plover Cove Reservoir ranks first in area and second in capacity.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.100
Plover Cove Country Park borders Pat Sin Leng Country Park to the west, and faces the sea on its east, south and north sides.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.100
Plover Cove Country Park is located on the Starling Inlet peninsula in the northeast of the New Territories, covering the area around Plover Cove Reservoir.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.100
Shun Yeung Fung is 590 metres high and is the main peak of Pat Sin Leng.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Shun Yeung Fung is located in Tai Po, has an elevation of 591 metres, and lies within Pat Sin Leng Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.650
Tsz Wan Shan is located in Sha Tin at 488 metres above sea level and does not fall within any country park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.652
This aquifer is of the artesian type, with a water level more than half a metre above sea level and a salinity of about 30 per cent that of seawater.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.485
This ductile shear zone spans about 20 kilometres, from Kwai Tau Leng in the west to Mit Kok Tsui on Wang Wan Chau in the east.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.195
This geopark consists of two themed areas, namely the volcanic rock area and the sedimentary rock area; the former is located around Sai Kung in eastern New Territories, while the latter spans both shores of Tolo Harbour in the northeast and its surrounding areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.117
Since the Eocene, the crustal structure of the Hong Kong region has remained relatively stable, with no evidence of active faults and no observed large-scale uplift or subsidence.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.35
Ta Lan Ching Teng Shan is located in the Southern District, 284 metres above sea level, within Shek O Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.655
The type section of the Tai O Formation is located on the northeast shore of Tai O, where the strata dip about 40 to 60 degrees towards the south.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The Tai O Formation outcrops at the western end of Lantau Island, with strata striking east-northeast and nearly vertical, forming isoclinal folds after compression.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.98
The siltstone of the Tai O Formation shows grey to red tones, with some rock layers up to 3 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.98
Sporadic outcrops of the Tai O Formation can also be seen at Kei Ling Ha Hoi, Sham Chung, and the area near the Chinese University (at Tolo Harbour in the New Territories).
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The sandstone of the Tai O Formation is considered to be fluvial sediment, accounting for 50% of the total thickness of the sequence.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The silty sandstone of the Tai O Formation has relatively thin bedding, and continuous siltstone sequences can reach 3 metres in thickness.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The sandstone beds of the Tai O Formation are generally 4 to 7 metres thick, occasionally 12 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
Cross-bedding in the Tai O Formation sandstone indicates that the sand bodies flowed generally southwards or southeastwards.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The Tai O Formation is the formal name for Jurassic sedimentary rock in Hong Kong, mainly exposed in the northwestern part of Lantau, covering the coastal area between Tai O and Sham Wat Wan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
Outcrops of the Tai O Formation are found not only on Lantau Island but also near the Chinese University of Hong Kong and in the Kei Ling Ha Hoi and Sham Chung areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.98
The Tai O Formation consists of dark grey graphitic siltstone and fine-grained sandstone layers, and the graphitic siltstone layer is 2 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.98
The Tai O Formation ranges in thickness from 4 metres to 12 metres and commonly shows cross-bedding.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
The area around Ma Shi Chau in Tai Po Hoi is the main outcrop of the Permian Tai Po Hoi Formation sedimentary strata, which are composed of sandstone and siltstone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.199
Tai Po River is about 6.12 kilometres long, with a catchment area of about 9.59 square kilometres and an average gradient of 0.2.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.444
The Tai Po River is in Tai Po, New Territories, originating at Ta Tit Yan on Tai Mo Shan and passing in turn through Grass Mountain, Lead Mine Pass, Yuen Tun Ha, Wun Yiu, Pun Shan Chau, Wan Tau Tong Estate and Tai Po Market Station, before flowing into the Lam Tsuen River near Kwong Fuk Estate.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.444
Tai Po granodiorite is exposed at the surface in central and southern Hong Kong, distributed mainly in the central New Territories and around Tsing Yi.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.148
Tai Po District is located in the northeastern New Territories, covering 136.11 square kilometres with about 310,000 residents.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.142
The highest peak in Tai Po District is Sze Fong Shan, with an elevation of 785 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.142
Tai To Yan is named after its narrow and difficult ridge path, with steep slopes on both sides like knife edges.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.104
Tai To Yan and the northern slopes of Tai Mo Shan fall respectively within the boundaries of Lam Tsuen Country Park and Tai Mo Shan Country Park, while the alluvial plain of the lower Lam Tsuen River is mainly planned for agricultural cultivation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.444
Tai To Yan is located at the boundary between Tai Po and Yuen Long, at an elevation of 566 metres, and lies within Lam Tsuen Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
Sunset Peak is located in the Islands District, with an elevation of 869 metres, and is part of South Lantau Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.650
Tai Tung is located on the border of the North District and Tai Po at an altitude of 295 metres and lies within Plover Cove Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.655
Tai Wan is located in Starling Inlet, with a mudflat environment, facing north, and an access difficulty of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Tai Kam Chung is located at the boundary between Tai Po and Sha Tin, has an elevation of 536 metres, and lies within Ma On Shan Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.651
Tai Hom Sham is located on an outlying island, has an elevation of 466 metres, and lies within South Lantau Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.652
Tai Lai Lei is located in Ngau Mei Hoi, belongs to Sai Kung District, and has an area of 0.016 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.648
The Tai Lam Fault runs from Sha Tau Kok and eventually reaches the south of Lantau Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.193
The Tai Lam Granite body is oval in shape and distributed across the northwestern New Territories, extending north to Yuen Long, east to Tsuen Wan, south to Lantau Island, and west to Castle Peak.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.148
The western part of Tai Lam Country Park covers Tuen Mun and Lam Tei Reservoir, while its northern end includes Tai Tong, Pat Heung catchwater, Ho Pui Reservoir and Shek Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Tai Lam Country Park is situated in western New Territories, bounded to the east by Route Twisk and to the south covering the area north of Tuen Mun Road.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
The Tai Lam Chung badlands are geologically granite, once a large area of wasteland; after artificial afforestation, the badlands remain only on the ridge, covering about 0.4 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.442
Tai Long beaches have coarser sand and steeper sand surfaces with fewer species, such as the beaches of Sai Kung and southeast Hong Kong Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.282
The four bays of Tai Long Wan are located on the Sai Kung Peninsula, comprising the four natural beaches of Tung Wan, Tai Wan, Ham Tin Wan and Sai Wan, with a total length of nearly two kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.69
Tai Long Wan has clear seawater and fine soft sand, and also contains diverse geological features.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.118
Tai Lo Shan is located in Wong Tai Sin, with an elevation of 577 metres, and falls within Ma On Shan Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.650
Tai Lei is located to the northwest of Peng Chau, within the Islands District, with an area of 0.026 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.648
Tai Leng Tung is located in Sai Kung, with an elevation of 292 metres, and belongs to Clear Water Bay Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.655
Tai Leng is located at the boundary between the North District and Tai Po, at an elevation of 153 metres, within Plover Cove Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.656
Tai Mo Shan, Lantau Peak and Sunset Peak are the three mountains in Hong Kong exceeding 800 metres in height, at 957 metres, 934 metres and 869 metres respectively.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.38
Tai Mo Shan has an elevation of 957 metres and is the highest peak in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.38
Tai Mo Shan is 957 metres above sea level, the highest point in all of Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.27
Tai Mo Shan, at 957 metres, is the highest peak in Hong Kong, located in Tsuen Wan District.
來源 《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況（人口）（香港地方志中心） · p.145
Tai Mo Shan, at 957 metres above sea level, is the highest peak in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
The western boundary of Tai Mo Shan Country Park is Route Twisk adjacent to Tai Lam Country Park, while the northern side borders Lam Tsuen.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Tai Mo Shan Country Park adjoins Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve to the east and Shing Mun Country Park to the south.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Tai Mo Shan is located in central New Territories at an elevation of 957 metres and is the highest peak in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.114
Tai Mo Shan is located in Tsuen Wan, at an altitude of 957 metres, within Tai Mo Shan Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.650
Tai Mo Shan is the source of the Tai Shing Stream, one of Hong Kong's nine major streams, whose water eventually flows into Shing Mun Reservoir and which is the largest stream of that reservoir.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.98
Tai Mo Shan is the highest peak in Hong Kong, and its rocks are mainly volcanic.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.61
Rainwater on Tai Mo Shan gathers to form the Ng Tung Chai waterfall group, whose main fall has a drop of 35 m, making it the largest waterfall group in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Tai Mo To is located in the waters between Tuen Mun and Lantau Island, belongs to Tuen Mun District, and has an area of 0.12 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.646
The geology of Tai Mo To Chau consists mainly of Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks, forming a complex rock sequence.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.130
Tai Mo To Chau covers about 14 hectares, and its former highest point reached 67.8mPD.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.130
Tai Mo To Chau is situated between Tuen Mun and Lantau Island, about four kilometres from the northern waters of Lantau Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.130
Tai Ngau Wu Teng is located on the Outlying Islands, with an elevation of 275 metres, and falls within South Lantau Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.655
Mirs Bay, Port Shelter, together with Tolo Harbour and Tolo Channel Water Control Zones, all fall within the eastern waters.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.375
At the eastern end of Mirs Bay there is an island formerly called Ping Chau and now named Tung Ping Chau, approximately 2 kilometres long and about 600 metres wide.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.72
Most waters of Mirs Bay are 10 to 15 metres deep.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.55
The Ping Chau Formation is found distributed over the Dapeng Bay basin, where the strata show no significant faulting.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.195
The centre of the Mirs Bay Basin is located in Mirs Bay, with its southwestern boundary defined by the Chi Chau Fault, exhibiting overall extensional structural characteristics.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.195
Dapeng Bay lies to the northeast of Hong Kong, bordered by the Dapeng Peninsula to the east, Yantian and Kuichong of Shenzhen to the north, with Tung Ping Chau at its eastern end.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.50
Tai Sheung Tok (Kwo Pui Shan) is located in Sai Kung, at an elevation of 400 metres, and is not within a country park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.653
Tai She Teng is located in Sai Kung, with an elevation of 279 metres, and is part of Sai Kung East Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.655
Tai Sham Chung is located at Starling Inlet, with a mudflat environment, facing north, and an access difficulty of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Tai Shek Mo lies in the North District, at an elevation of 184 metres, and is not within any country park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.656
Tai Shui Wu is located at Yan Chau Tong, has a mudflat and rocky shore environment, faces north, and has a difficulty rating of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Tai Tam Country Park is bounded by Wong Nai Chung Gap to the west and Tai Tam Road to the east.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.99
Tai Tam Country Park covers four reservoirs: Tai Tam Tuk Reservoir, Tai Tam Intermediate Reservoir, Tai Tam Byewash Reservoir and Tai Tam Upper Reservoir.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.99
Tai Tam Country Park occupies approximately one-fifth of Hong Kong Island's area.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.99
Tai Tam Country Park is located in the eastern part of Hong Kong Island, extending from Jardine's Lookout in the north to near the Twin Peaks in the south, with Stanley Gap Road as its boundary.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.99
The Tuen Mun Formation exposed around Tai Tong consists mainly of fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, with ammonite fossils found, inferred to be of Early Jurassic age.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
Tai Tong Lek is located in Yan Chau Tong, is a mudflat environment facing north, with a difficulty rating of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Broadly speaking, the area of present-day Shenzhen and Hong Kong was once included within the territory administered by Xin'an County.
來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心） · p.32
Tai Tau Chau is located at Cape D'Aguilar Peninsula in the Southern District, with an area of 0.047 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.647
Tai Tau Chau is located at Sham Tuk Mun, belongs to Sai Kung District, and has an area of 0.54 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.646
Tai Wan is located at Plover Cove Reservoir, with a rocky coast facing southwest, and an access difficulty of 4.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Tai Wong Wan is located in Yan Chau Tong, has a muddy shore environment, faces north, and has an access difficulty of 3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.659
Tai Man Shan is located at the boundary between Tai Po and Sai Kung, 371 metres above sea level, and lies within Sai Kung East Country Park.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.653
The rocks of Tai Siu Mo To are mainly mildly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, including metamorphosed sandstone and siltstone.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.113
The andesite layers around Tai Hing Estate have undergone metamorphism, are grey-green in colour, and show strong schistosity.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.100
Tai A Chau has an area of 1.2000 square kilometres and coordinates of 22.1617 degrees north latitude and 113.9105 degrees east longitude.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.645
Tai A Chau lies south of Lantau Island, belongs to the Islands District, and has an area of 1.2 square kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.646
Tai Chung Hau Stream is fed by hill streams near Fu Yung Pit, Shek Nga Shan, and Buffalo Hill; the channel passes through Tai Chung Hau Village and finally discharges into Pak Sha Wan; the stream has a total length of about 2.52 km and a catchment area of about 3.93 km².
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.447
Lantau Channel, also known as Tai Ho Waterway, lies south of the southwestern branch of Lantau Island, with a narrowest point of 4470 metres, and is navigable by large cargo ships.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.657
The rocky shore on the north coast of Lantau Island mainly comprises sandstone, tuff and tuff breccia.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.279
The strata in northern Lantau Island are about 10 metres thick, composed mainly of silty clay and clayey silt.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.118
The northern coast of Lantau Island was originally natural cliffs of volcanic rock and sedimentary rock, and part of it was reclaimed to become land for Hong Kong International Airport and infrastructure.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.45
In northern Lantau there is a felsic dyke swarm whose trend is mainly ENE to WSW.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.155
Outcrops of Luk Keng quartz monzodiorite can be found at Luk Keng, Fan Lau and Cha Kwo Chau on Lantau.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.151
The seabed off the south shore of Kau Ling Chung on Lantau Island is about 15 metres deep, and the terrain becomes gentler towards the Soko Islands.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.54
Hau Kok Wan on Lantau Island lies between San Tau and Sha Lo Wan, where literature once recorded the presence of horseshoe crabs, but no juvenile horseshoe crabs have been found in recent years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.399
Granite is exposed at four locations on Lantau Island: Tuen Mun, the Soko Islands, Fan Lau on Lantau Island, and Lamma Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.148
Lantau Island encompasses Tai O, Shek Pik, Ngong Ping, Man Cheung Po and Lung Tsai Ng Yuen, where sedimentary rock outcrops can be found at all these locations.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.124
Small-scale badlands occur at Mui Wo on Lantau Island, Tai Shui Hang in Sai Kung, and Tai Tong in Yuen Long, with bare land concentrated on ridges and soil erosion mainly by raindrop impact, sheet flow, and rill erosion.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.442
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