文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

姚克

大字係領域(由已登記職業/領域派生),唔係姓氏。

Yao Ke

1905–1991

領域:作家與觀點論述者

繁體中文

姚克(1905–1991年12月18日),原名姚成龍,又名姚莘農,安徽歙縣人,生於福建廈門,是二十世紀中國話劇與電影編劇、翻譯家。他出身官宦之家,自小受傳統教育,後畢業於蘇州東吳大學,其後赴美國耶魯大學進修戲劇。1931年後他曾任上海世界書局與英文報社編輯,並主編英文月刊《天下》;1933年他曾與魯迅會面,長期往來於上海文藝界與話劇圈,並與友人合組苦干劇團,推動現代話劇演出。1936年他進入明星影片公司,出任編劇委員會副主任委員,同年寫成首個電影劇本《清明時節》,並創作《吉人天相》。他最負盛名的作品是四幕話劇《清宮怨》,這齣以光緒皇帝與珍妃愛情悲劇為骨幹的歷史劇,1942年在上海公演時連演三月、哄動劇壇,其後被改編為電影《清宮秘史》(1948,朱石麟導演,永華影業出品)。他一生寫下二十多個劇本,包括以歷史為題材的《西施》《楚霸王》等,並著有《怎樣演出戲劇》。1955年他應國際影片發行公司(即國際電影懋業有限公司前身)聘請,出任劇本編審委員會四位編審人之一,與張愛玲、宋淇、孫晉三同事,期間參與《一代妖姬》(1950)、《豪門孽債》(1950)、《名女人別傳》(1953)等片劇本。他亦曾於香港中文大學及新亞書院任教。1969年初他移居美國,先後在夏威夷大學、加州大學及舊金山州立大學講授現代中國文學與中國哲學史,並專研李賀詩。1976年他曾短暫回港,任麗的電視戲劇顧問及編劇訓練班導師。1991年12月18日他在美國病逝。

English

Yao Ke (1905 – 18 December 1991), born Yao Chenglong and also known as Yao Xinnong, was a playwright, screenwriter and translator. He was born in Xiamen, Fujian, to a family of imperial officials from Shexian, Anhui, received a traditional education followed by a Western one, and graduated from Soochow University in Suzhou before furthering his studies in drama at Yale University. After 1931 he edited for the World Book Company and English-language newspapers in Shanghai and edited the English monthly T'ien Hsia. In 1936 he joined Mingxing Film Company as deputy head of its screenwriting committee and wrote his first screenplay, The Qingming Season, along with The Lucky Star. His best-known work is the four-act historical play Qing gong yuan (Grievance in the Qing Palace), built around the tragic love of the Guangxu Emperor and Consort Zhen; staged in Shanghai in 1942 with a three-month run, it caused a sensation and was later adapted into the film Sorrows of the Forbidden City (1948, directed by Zhu Shilin for Yonghua). He wrote more than twenty scripts, including the historical plays Xi Shi and Chu Bawang, and a book on staging drama. In 1955 he was hired by International Film Distribution (forerunner of MP & GI) as one of four script readers, working alongside Eileen Chang, Stephen Soong and Sun Jinsan, and wrote for films such as A Strange Woman (1950) and The Secret Life of Lady So Lee (1953). He taught at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and New Asia College, moved to the United States in early 1969, and lectured on modern Chinese literature and the history of Chinese philosophy at the University of Hawaii, the University of California and San Francisco State University while specialising in the poetry of Li He. He returned to Hong Kong briefly in 1976 as a drama adviser to Rediffusion Television and an instructor to its screenwriting class, and died in the United States on 18 December 1991.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

編劇原名姚成龍

年期Active period

1905–1991

代表作Notable works

《怎樣演出戲劇》《清宮怨》《西施》《楚霸王》《清明時節》《清宮秘史》

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-10-14

主要成就 Key Achievements

1936

進入明星影片公司任編劇委員會副主任委員,寫成首個電影劇本《清明時節》

Joined Mingxing Film Company as deputy head of its screenwriting committee and wrote his first screenplay, The Qingming Season.

1942

四幕話劇《清宮怨》在上海公演,連演三月,哄動劇壇

His four-act play Qing gong yuan was staged in Shanghai for three months and caused a sensation.

1948

由《清宮怨》改編的電影《清宮秘史》由永華影業公司出品

Sorrows of the Forbidden City, adapted from his play, was released by Yonghua Film Company.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

姚克以《清宮怨》把宮廷歷史劇推上嚴肅舞台,該劇改編而成的《清宮秘史》成為1940年代末香港國語片的代表作;他主編的英文月刊《天下》向西方譯介中國文學,並在電懋編審崗位上扶植劇本創作。

English

Yao Ke brought the historical court drama to serious stature with Grievance in the Qing Palace, whose film adaptation, Sorrows of the Forbidden City, became a landmark Hong Kong Mandarin picture of the late 1940s. He also introduced Chinese literature to Western readers as editor of the English monthly T'ien Hsia, and fostered screenwriting as one of MP & GI's script readers.

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