文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

馬師曾

大字係領域(由已登記職業/領域派生),唔係姓氏。

Ma Si Tsang

1900–1964

領域:藝術家

繁體中文

馬師曾原名馬伯魯,字伯魯,廣東順德人,1900年4月2日生於廣州。他出身書香世家,七歲時曾到武昌兩湖書院攻讀四書五經,辛亥革命後回到廣州,1917年肄業於敬業中學,其後到香港當學徒,並在廣州太平春教戲館學戲,曾用藝名關始昌、風華子。因愛好粵劇,他曾離家出走,落班學藝,後師從名伶靚元亨,苦心鑽研粵劇藝術。二十年代他被名伶千里駒賞識,演出《佳偶兵戎》而成名。二、三十年代他已是紅遍省、港、澳的名伶,能演文武生、丑生,甚至反串花旦,演技精湛,有「粵劇泰斗」之稱,他創作的「馬腔」更成為著名粵劇唱腔之一。1935年他開始拍電影,首部作品為《野花香》,改編自其粵劇戲寶。其後他陸續將多部首本名劇改編為電影,包括《鬥氣姑爺》(1937)、《賊王子》(1939)、《苦鳳鶯憐》(1941年攝製,1947年上映)等。抗戰時期,他組織粵劇團在廣州灣、桂林等地巡迴演出,期間栽培了花旦紅線女,二人並結為夫婦。勝利後他回港,除繼續組班演出粵劇外,亦參與電影演出,除粵劇戲曲片外,還主演時裝片,如《人海萬花筒》(1950)、《紅白牡丹花》(1952)、《從心所欲》(1952)等。後他與紅線女加入中聯電影企業有限公司成為股東,主演過《父母心》(1955)、《春殘夢斷》(1955)、《愛》(1955)及《愛(續集)》(1955)等。1955年他與紅線女回廣州定居,擔任廣東粵劇院院長,領導廣東粵劇團,並出任中國文學藝術界聯合會全國委員會委員、廣東省文學藝術界聯合會副主席、中國戲劇家協會常務理事及廣東分會副主席,又當選廣東省人民代表大會代表與全國政協委員。1956年他與紅線女帶着整理提升的《搜書院》進京演出,獲梅蘭芳、夏衍等觀看,總理周恩來亦曾觀看。在國內他主演過電影《搜書院》(1957)與《彩蝶雙飛》(1959),《關漢卿》(1960)為他主演的最後一部電影。馬師曾於1964年4月21日在北京病逝。

English

Ma Si-tsang (2 April 1900 – 21 April 1964), born Ma Pak-lo in Guangzhou to a family from Shunde, Guangdong, was a Cantonese opera actor and filmmaker known as a grand master of the form. He studied the Confucian classics at a Wuchang academy as a child, returned to Guangzhou after the 1911 revolution, and after school worked as an apprentice in Hong Kong and trained at the Taipingchun opera school, using stage names such as Guan Shichang. His love of opera led him to run away from home to learn the craft, and he studied under the celebrated actor Liang Yuen-hang. Noticed in the 1920s by the actor Chin Lei-kui, he made his name in the play Jia Ou Bing Rong, and by the 1920s and 1930s he was a star across Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, able to play martial heroes, clowns and even female roles. He created the 'Ma voice', among the best-known Cantonese singing styles, and from 1935 moved into films, beginning with Wild Flower's Fragrance, adapted from his own opera, then filming several of his signature operas including The Angry Young Master (1937) and The Bandit Prince (1939). During the war he toured with his troupe around Guangzhouwan and Guilin, training the young Hung Sin-nui, whom he married. After the victory he returned to Hong Kong and kept acting in both opera and modern films. In 1955 he settled in Guangzhou with Hung and headed the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre, also serving as a national committee member of the Chinese Federation of Literary and Art Circles and vice-chairman of the Guangdong federation; the following year he took the reworked opera The Academy to Beijing for a performance seen by Mei Lanfang, Xia Yan and Premier Zhou Enlai. He filmed The Story of the Academy (1957) and, in his last screen role, Guan Hanqing (1960); he died in Beijing on 21 April 1964.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

演員廣東順德人

年期Active period

1900–1964

代表作Notable works

《佳偶兵戎》《野花香》《鬥氣姑爺》《賊王子》《苦鳳鶯憐》《人海萬花筒》

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-10-14

主要成就 Key Achievements

1935

首部電影《野花香》公映,改編自其粵劇戲寶

His first film, Wild Flower's Fragrance, was released, adapted from his own opera

1944

與花旦紅線女結為夫婦

Married the actress Hung Sin-nui

1955

與紅線女回廣州定居,任廣東粵劇院院長

Settled in Guangzhou with Hung Sin-nui and became head of the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

馬師曾以「馬腔」及擅演丑生著稱,有「粵劇泰斗」之稱;佢把多部首本名劇改編成電影,讓粵劇透過銀幕廣泛流傳,並同紅線女等共同開創粵劇同電影互相滋養嘅局面。

English

Famed for his 'Ma voice' and chou-sheng roles, Ma Si-tsang was called the grand master of Cantonese opera. Adapting many of his signature opera hits into films spread the form widely on screen, and with Hung Sin-nui he fostered a two-way exchange between opera and cinema.

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